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Conservationists’ efforts to save endangered species may, paradoxically, lead to the extinction of other species – a phenomenon summarized by a recent study.〔Rozsa L, Vas Z 2014. Co-extinct and critically co-endangered species of parasitic lice, and conservation-induced extinction: should lice be reintroduced to their hosts? ''Oryx: The International Journal of Conservation'' – in press''〕 It mostly threatens the parasite and pathogen species that are highly host-specific to critically endangered hosts. When the last individuals of a host species are captured for the purpose of captive breeding and reintroduction programs, they typically undergo anti-parasitic treatments to increase survival and reproductive success. This practice may unintentionally result in the extinction of the species antagonistic to the target species, such as certain parasites. Few cases of conservation-induced extinction are known to have occurred in parasitic lice. ==Examples== * parasite: ''Colpocephalum californici'' – host: California condor〔 Dunn RR 2009. Coextinction: anecdotes, models, and speculation. In Holocene Extinctions (ed. S.T. Turvey), pp. 167–180. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.〕 The parasite most probably went extinct when the last individuals of its only host species were captured for a captive-breeding program. * parasite: ''Rallicola (Aptericola) pilgrimi'' – host: Little spotted kiwi〔 Buckley TR, Palma RL, Johns PM, Gleeson DM, Heath ACG, Hitchmough RA, Stringer IAN 2012. The conservation status of small or less well known groups of New Zealand terrestrial invertebrates. ''New Zealand Entomologist'' 35: 137–143.〕 The parasite most probably went extinct when the last individuals of its only host species were captured and, after routine veterinary antiparasitic treatments, re-introduced into predator-free islands. * parasite: ''Rallicola (Rallicola) guami'' – host: Guam rail (?) The only known host species of this parasite exists exclusively in captivity and kept under veterinary control. No information about the fate of the parasite, likely extinct. * parasite: ''Linognathus petasmatus'' – host: Scimitar-horned oryx (?) The host specificity of this parasite is uncertain. Either it was specific to the Scimitar-horned oryx and went extinct during captive breeding of the host, or – alternatively – it may be specific to the Addax and possibly still surviving in the wide. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conservation-induced extinction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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